Municipal Solid Waste Management: An Assessment of the Management Framework In Zambia
Keywords:
Frameworks, Governance, management, municipal, solid waste
Abstract
Governance mechanisms for Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) are critical to the sustainable management of waste for effective environmental management and public health. These mechanisms are dependent on management frameworks upon which they are based. This study aimed at assessing current frameworks for managing MSW in Zambia using a descriptive research design with a questionnaire being the data collection tool. Eighty purposively sampled respondents were administered and the tool had a 90 per cent response rate. Data analysis involved the use of frequency tables, percentages, bar, the mean, and standard deviation. The results were as follows; male respondents were 73 per cent as compared to female respondents at 27 per cent, respectively, while source of generation for residential areas was at 88 per cent. Public sector role in the governance of MWS 66.7 per cent, private sector (18.9%), NGOs (7.8%), with academia 2.2 per cent, others 4.4 per cent respectively. Frequency of collection was as follows: daily (45.7%), twice a week (14.9%), weekly (39.4%). Recycling of MSW by the private sector (47.2%), municipality (14.6%), and a combination of both accounted for 38.2 per cent. Management of final disposal sites by private sector (11.7%), municipalities (44.6%) and co-managed sites (43.5%). Lack of technical capacity to develop and implement policies by municipalities was 33 per cent while lack of financial resources for the waste management sector (39%). The results of the study indicate a growing and rooted challenge in the governance of MSW in Zambia. Therefore, governance mechanisms must be based on robust and effective frameworks that will ensure effective service delivery by local authorities with the involvement of all stakeholders, gender and social inclusion and also effective development and application of policies, technology and financial resources. This will result into sustainable waste management service to protect public health and the environment and ultimately implement a circular economy model.References
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2. Creswell, J.W., and Plano Clark, V.L. 2011. Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research, Sage Publication, Inc.
3. Delufa, T.J., Hasna H.S., Marzuka A.R., Prianka S.H., Shahriar H., Salma A.U., Camilla A., Tanvir H., Zahidul, Q. (2022). An Overview of Progress Towards Implementation of Solid Waste Management Policies in Dhaka, Bangladesh, Heliyon, Volume 8, Issue 2, 2022, e08918, ISSN 2405-8440, https://doi.org/10. 1016/j. heliyon. 2022. e08918. (https: // www. sciencedirect. com/science / article/pii/S2405844022002067).
4. Dikole, R., and Letshwenyo, M. 2020. ‘Household Solid Waste Generation and Composition: A Case Study in Palapye, Botswana.’Journal of Environmental Protection, 11, 110-123. doi: 10.4236/jep.2020.112008.
5. Dlamini, S., Simatele, M., and Kubanza, S. 2018. Municipal Solid Waste Management in South Africa: From Waste to Energy Recovery Through Waste-To-Energy Technologies in Johannesburg. Local Environment. 24. 1-9. 10.1080/13549839.2018.1561656.
6. Joseph, K. 2006. Stakeholder Participation for Sustainable Waste Management. Habitat International, Volume 30, Issue 4 Pages 863-871[Online] Available at www.sciencedirect.com. Accessed on 28.10.2020 at 10:49 pm.
7. Kaza, S., Yao, L.C., Bhada-Tata, P., and Van Woerden, F. 2018. What a Waste 2.0: A Global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management to 2050. Urban Development; Washington, DC: World Bank. Available at http://hdl.handle.net/10986/30317.
8. Liyala, C.M. 2011. Modernising Solid Waste Management at Municipal Level: Institutional Arrangements in Urban Centres of East Africa. PhD. Thesis, Environmental Policy Series, Wageningen University, Wageningen.
9. Marshall, R., and Farahbakhs, K. 2013. ‘Systems Approaches to Integrated Solid Waste Management in Developing Countries,’ Journal of Waste Management, Volume 33, Issue 4, Pages 988-1003 [Online] Available at www. sematicscholar.org. Accessed on 22-04-2021 at 04:52 am.
10. Michel, S.C., and Keng Y.F. 2018. Public Policy and Technology Choices for Municipal Solid Waste Management a Recent Case in Lebanon, Cogent Environmental Science, 4:1, DOI: 10.1080/23311843.2018.1529853.
11. Mmereki, D. A., Baldwin, and B. Li (2016). A Comparative Analysis of Solid Waste Management in Developed, Developing and Lesser Developed Countries. Environmental Technology Reviewers, Volume 5, Pages 120-141 [Online]. Available at wwwsematicscholar.org. Accessed on 22-04-2021 at 05:10 am.
12. Mohamad, N., Liu Y., Zena M., and Adipah, S. 2020. ‘Determinants of Household Solid Waste Generation and Composition in Homs City, Syria.’ Journal of Environmental and Public Health, vol. 2020, Article ID 7460356, 15 pages, 2020. https:// doi.org/ 10.1155/2020/7460356.
13. Morrissey, A.S., and J. Browne 2004. Waste Management Models and their Application to Sustainable Waste Management, Waste Management, 24 Pages 297-308.
14. Mwanza, B.G. 2017. Analysis of the Strategies for Incorporating the Informal Waste Collectors’’ Into Formalised Mechanisms: Engineering Management Perspective. Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management. Bogota, Colombia, October 25-26, 2017. IEOM Society International.
15. Neuendorf, K.A. 2017. Content Analysis: A Practical Guide to Designing Studies. Sage Publications, Inc. Organisation for Economic Development (OECD).
16. Palczynski, R.J. 2002. Study on Solid Waste Management Options for Africa. African Development Bank Project Report Final Draft Version African. Development Bank Sustainable Development & Poverty Reduction Unit.
17. Palinkas, L.A., S.R., Horne, C.S., and Chapman, V. M. 2015. Purposeful Sampling for Qualitative Data Collection and Analysis in Mixed Method Implementation Research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42, 533-544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-013-0528-y.
18. Patton, M.Q. 2002. Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods, 3rd Edition. Sage Publications, Inc.
19. Rahman, A., Myrna, R., and Karlina, N. (2020). ‘Policy Implementation of Solid Waste Management by thhe Environmental Office of Bekasi Regency.’ Journal Administrasi Publik (Public Administration Journal), 10(1), 102–110. https://doi.org/10.31289/jap.v10i1.3601.
20. Shah, A. 2005. Public Services Delivery. Public Sector Governance and Accountability. Washington, DC: World Bank [Online] available at https: // openknowledge. worldbank.org/handle/10986/7424. Accessed on 8/07/2020.
21. Smangele, D., Mulala D.S. and Nzalalemba S.K. 2019. Municipal Solid Waste Management in South Africa: from waste to energy recovery through waste-to-Energy Technologies in Johannesburg, Local Environment, 24:3, 249-257.
22. The World Bank (2018). Global Waste to Grow by 70% Unless urgent Action is Taken: World Bank Report.
23. UNEP (2018). Africa Waste Management Outlook. United Nations Environments Programme, Nairobi, Kenya.
24. UNEP (2023). Harnessing the Role of Private Sector in Waste Management through South-South and Triangular Cooperation for Inclusive Urbanisation. Available at https://www.undp.org/publications. Retrieved 9/3/2024 at 10:56pm.
25. United Nations Economic and Social Council (2009). Economic Commission for Africa, Sixth Session of the Committee on Food Security and Sustainable Development (CFSSD-6)/Regional Implementation Meeting (RIM) FOR CSD-18, Addis Abba, Ethiopia, 27-30 October 2009.
Published
2024-05-26
How to Cite
Banda, K., Mwanaumo, E. and Mwanza, B. (2024) “Municipal Solid Waste Management: An Assessment of the Management Framework In Zambia”, Journal of Law and Social Sciences, 6(1), pp. 67-78. doi: https://doi.org/10.53974/unza.jlss.6.1.1204.
Section
Articles