Human Behaviour as Driver of Environmental Degradation and Climate Change in Joya's the Last Fishing Boat and Ojiofor's the Boy Who Harnessed the Wind
Keywords:
Anthropocene, Human Action, Environmental Degradation, Climate Change, Ecocriticism, African Ecocriticism, Malawian Film Script
Abstract
The term ‘Anthropocene’ calls our attention to rethink the role of human-caused climate change which is altering the earth’s environmental conditions. This article is concerned with highlighting the impact of human behaviour as driver of environmental degradation and climate change as portrayed in Ojiofor’s ‘The Boy who Harnessed the Wind’ and Joya’s ‘The Last Fishing Boat.’ The research is qualitative in nature. An Ecocritical approach is applied to the analysis of the texts alongside close reading. The focus is on various thematic concerns of Ecocriticism, particularly on how these two film scripts depict human behaviour as driver of environmental degradation and climate change. This research is concerned with how film scripts reveal how Malawians are depicted using various endowments of the environment signifying how humans rely on the environment for essential resources. At the same, the article is also interested on how the two films’ portrayal of how humans are at the mercy of nature, suffering the consequences of their actions which serves as a rich and multifaceted metaphor that invites reflection on environmental responsibility, human hubris, and the intricate relationship between humanity and the natural world. The article argues that the two film scripts’ portrayal of human action as the leading cause of environmental degradation thereby contributing to climate change, emphasises that while individuals enjoy the endowments of nature, ironically, they are the main culprits of destructors of the environment. In this case, the two film scripts contribute to sustainability narratives by showcasing characters and communities in Malawi engaging in practices that destroy the environment which if addressed may help in mitigation of environmental harm.References
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11. Calaretu, B., and Bulin, D. (2012). Environmental Threats for Tourism Development. Acces la Success; Bucharest, 13, (1), 79-83.
12. Chavula, G., M’balaka, M., Gondwe, E., Ngochera, M., Halafo, J., Shechonge, A., Gabagambi, P., Mbonde, A., Banda, D., Muyumbana, N., Lawrence, T., Ajode, M., Smith, S., Jonasse, C., Kanyerere, G., and Ngatunga, B. (2023). Lake Malawi/Niassa/Nyasa basin: Status, challenges, and research needs. Journal of Great Lakes Research.
13. Chibisa, P. and Rwizi, L. (2009). Traditional Crafts and Rural Livelihoods in Manicaland’s Semi-arid Areas: Implications for Biodiversity and Environmental Sustainability. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 11, (1).
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15. Chilala, C. (2003). Marriage, Gender and Freedomin Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House: A Zambian Perspective. Proceedings of the Relevance of A Doll’s House – Translation and Adpatation, International Ibsen Conference, 101-108.
16. Chilala, C. and Jimaima, H. (2020). The Tonga Art of Kulibanda: A Literary and Linguistic Analysis. Journal of Law and Social Sciences, 3 (1), 160-177.
17. Clark, T. (2015). Ecocriticism on the Edge: The Anthropocene as a Threshold Concept. Bloomsbury Publishing.
18. Climate change and human behaviour. (2022). Nature Human Behaviour, 6, 1441–1442.
19. Cloete, I. and Mlambo, N. (2014). A Literary Exploration of Trauma and Resilience in Tagwira’s The Uncertainty of Hope, in NAWA: Journal of Language and Communication, 8(2).
20. Crutzen, P., and Stoermer, E. F. (2000). The “Anthropocene”. Global Change Newsletter, 41, p. 17.
21. Dai, S., Ma, Y., and Zhang, K. (2022). Land Degradation Caused by Construction Activity: Investigation, Cause and Control Measures. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19, 16046.
22. Davenport, J., and Davenport, J, (2006). The impact of tourism and personal leisure transport on coastal environments: A review. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 67 (1–2).
23. Du, Y., Jiale Sun, J., & Zhang, G. (2021). The Impact of Overfishing on Environmental Resources and the Evaluation of Current Policies and Future Guideline. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 586.
24. Duguma, L., Atela, J., Minang, P., Ayana, A., Gizachew, B., Nzyoka, J., & Bernard, F. (2019). Deforestation and Forest Degradation as an Environmental Behavior: Unpacking Realities Shaping Community Actions. Land, 8(26).
25. Estok, S. C. (2018). The Anthropocene, Literature, and the Ethics of Alterity. PMLA, 133(3), 502–518.
26. Fay, J. (2018). Inhospitable World: Cinema in the Time of the Anthropocene. Oxford University Press.
27. Furgała-Selezniow, G., Jankun-Woźnicka, M., Kruk, M., & Omelan, A.A. Land Use and Land Cover Pattern as a Measure of Tourism Impact on a Lakeshore Zone. Land, 10, 787.
28. Garza‐Gil, D., Varela‐Lafuente, M., & Surís‐ Regueiro, J. (2016). Using Taxes to Manage a Multigear Fishery: An Application to a Spanish Fishery. Fisheries and Aquaculture in the Modern World.
29. Gerrard, G. (2004). Ecocriticism: The New Critical Idiom. London: Routledge.
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46. Marjavaara, R. (2008). Second Home Tourism: The Root to Displacement in Sweden? PhD Thesis. Umeå University, Sweden.
47. M’balaka, M.S, Kaunda, E., Kanyerere, G., Jamu, D., and Msukwa, A. (2022). Changes in fish species diversity, size structure and distribution in the trawlable demersal zones of Lake Malawi, Malawi. Research Square.
48. McAslan, A.R.R. (2010). The Concept of Resilience: understanding its origins, meaning and utility. Adelaide: Torrens Resilience Institute.
49. Mehta, P. K., & Monteiro, P. J. (2006). Concrete: microstructure, properties, and materials (Vol. 3). New York: McGraw-Hill.
50. Mlambo, N. (2014). Trauma, resilience and survival strategies in crisis times: An Afrocentric literary approach. Berlin, Germany: Scholar’s Press.
51. Mu¨ller, D.K. (2004). Mobility, Tourism, and Second Homes. In A. Lew, M. Hall & A. Williams (Eds.), A Companion to Tourism. Blackwell Publishing.
52. Mymrin, V., Pedroso, D., Pedroso, C., Alekseev, K., Avanci, M., Winter Jr., E., Cechin, L., Rolim, P., Iarozinski, A., & Catai, R. (2018). Environmentally clean composites with hazardous aluminium anodising sludge, concrete waste, and lime production waste. Journal of Cleaner Production, 174, 380-388.
53.Ojiofor, C. (2019). The Boy Who Harnessed The Wind (Film). Participant Media.
54. Olabi, A.G., Obaideen, K., Abdelkareem, M.A., AlMallahi, M.N., Shehata, N., Alami, A.H., Mdallal, A., Hassan, A.A.M., Sayed, E.T. (2023). Wind Energy Contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals: Case Study on London Array. Sustainability, 15.
55. Omeja, P., Obua, J., & Cunningham, A. (2004). Carved wooden drums and trade in Mpigi District, Uganda. In Sunderland, T & Ndoye, O. (Eds.), Forest Products, Livelihoods and Conservation VOLUME 2 – AFRICA. Indonesia: Centre for International Forestry Research.
56. Omu-Ngebo, B., & Alegu, C.J. (2024). Nigerian Newspaper Reportage of Climate Change: A Content Analysis of The Punch and The Guardian. International Journal of sub-Saharan African Research (IJSSAR), 2 (2), 121-133.
57. Owusu, K, Emmanuel, A., Musah-Surugu, I., & Yankson, P. The effects of 2015 El Nino on smallholder maize production in the transitional ecological zone of Ghana. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 11 (5).
58. Oxford University Press. (2011). Concise Oxford English Dictionary (12th ed.). Oxford University Press.
59. Pangapanga-Phiri I., Makoka, D., Jumbe, C., Chilongo, T., Phiri, H., Kamkwamba, H., Kalimbira, A., Maonga, B., Mtethiwa, A., & Machila, K. (2023). The 2023-24 El Nino: The Uncertainities and Opportunities for the 2023-24 Agricultural Season in Malawi. Policy Brief 2010010123. Center for Agricultural Research and Development.
60. Porras, I. (2019). Fair fishing: Supporting inclusive fiscal reform in fisheries. London: IIED.
61. Rahman, M., Khan, I., Luke Field, D., Techato, K., & Alameh, K. (2022). Powering agriculture: Present status, future potential, and challenges of renewable energy applications. Renewable Energy, 188.
62. Savci, S. (2012). An Agricultural Pollutant: Chemical Fertiliser. International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, 3 (1), 77-80.
63. Sharma, A. (2023). Boat Rental Market Growth Revenue and Industry Segmentations 2023-2030: Regional Size, Share, by Top Countries. https://www.marketresearchguru.com/
64. Stopford, M. (2009). Maritime Economics (3 rd ed.). London: Routledge.
65. Sud, M. (2020). Managing the Biodiversity Impacts of Fertiliser and Pesticide Use. OECD Environment Working Papers, 2.
66. Sun, Q. & Liu, Z. (2020). Impact of tourism activities on water pollution in the West Lake Basin (Hangzhou, China). Open Geosciences, 12, 1302–1308.
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Published
2025-10-28
How to Cite
Kalinde, D. (2025) “Human Behaviour as Driver of Environmental Degradation and Climate Change in Joya’s the Last Fishing Boat and Ojiofor’s the Boy Who Harnessed the Wind”, Journal of Law and Social Sciences, 6(4). Available at: https://journals.unza.zm/index.php/JLSS/article/view/1592 (Accessed: 5November2025).
Section
Humanities