Affrication of Voiced Labials (/B, V/) in Changana
Keywords:
Affricates, Phonological Processes, Gliding, Autosegmental Theory, Changana
Abstract
This article describes and analyses the frication of the voiced labial consonants (/b/ and /v/) in Changana, a Bantu language (S53, in Guthrie’s 1967-1971 classification). In the light of the autosegmental phonology (Leben 1973, 1978, 2006; 1973, Goldsmith 1976, 2004; Odden 1986) combined with the Feature Geometry theory, the article discusses phonological processes that turn voiced labials into labial-alveolar affricate [bz]. In this study, we assume that the process of hiatus resolution by gliding is the trigger of the alteration under analysis. That is, when derivative suffixes with low vowel (/a/) and the high front vowel (/i/) in the initial position are attached to words with rounded vowels (/o, u/) in final position in some morphological processes such as diminutivisation and locativisation, the results are undesirable sequences (hiatus). In order to resolve such hiatus, a series of phonological processes such as the turning of the rounded vowel in the word final position into labial-velar glide allowing the adjacency of voiced labials with labial glide which violates the Obligatory Contour Principle (OCP) takes place. The present study analyses the OCP using empirical Changana data collected both in the fieldwork supplemented by data from other sources including bibliographical and introspective data. The article is organised as follows. Firstly, it discusses the theoretical framework; secondly it analyses the Hiatus Resolution in Changana; thirdly, it analyses the data and lastly, it presents the main conclusions of the study.References
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3. Chomsky, N., and Halle, M. (1991). The Sound Pattern of English. Massachusetts: First MIT Press.
4. Clements, G.N. (1984). ‘Vowel Harmony in Akan: A Consideration of Stewart’s Word Structure Conditions,’ Studies in African Linguistics, 15(3), December.
5. Clements, G.N. (1985). The Geometry of Phonological Features, in Phonology Yearbook 2, 1985, Great Britain, pp. 2225-252.
6. Goldsmith, J. (1976). Autosegmental Phonology. MIT Dissertation, MIT Libraries Archives.
7. Goldsmith, J.L. (1995). Phonological Theory, in Goldsmith, J. (1996). The Handbook of Phonological Theory. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
8. Goldsmith, J. (2004). The Aim of Autosegmental Phonology, in Theoretical Approaches. Available online: http://hum.uchicago.edu/jagoldsm/Papers/AimsAutosegmental.pdf. Accessed 15/03/2013.
9. Goldsmith, J., and Laks, B. (2006). Generative Phonology: Its Origins, Its Principles, and Its Successors, in Waugh, L., and Joseph, J.E. The Cambridge History of Linguistics.
10. Goldsmith, J. (2008). Generative Phonology in the Late 1940s.
11. Halle, M. (1992). Fonological Features. International Encyclopedia of Linguistics, 8, 149-176.
12. Hualde, J.I. (2005). El Modelo Métrico y Autosegmental. University of Illinois.
13. INE. (2010). Estatísticas do Distrito de Manjacaze – Dingane-2008. Estatísticas Oficiais.
14. INE. (2019). IV Recenseamento Geral da População e Habitação 2017: Resultados definitivos – Moçambique. Estatísticas Oficiais, Maputo. Available online: [www.ine.gov.mz](http://www.ine.gov.mz).
15. Katamba, F. (1989). An Introduction to Phonology. New York: Longman.
16. Leben, W.R. (1973). Suprasegmental Phonology. MIT Libraries, PhD Thesis.
17. Leben, W.R. (2006). ‘Rethinking Autosegmental Phonology,’ in Selected Proceedings of the 35th Annual Conference on African Linguistics, ed. J. Mugane et al., Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
18. Leben, W.R. (2011). Autosegments, in Oostendorp, Van Marc; Ewwn, Colin J.; Hume, Elizabeth E.; Rice, Karen. The Blackwell Companion to Phonology.
19. Lombardi, L. (1995). Dahl’s Law and Privative [Voice]. Linguistic Inquiry, 26(2), 365-372. Available online: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4178903. Accessed 21-07-2017.
20. Matsinhe, S.F. (1998). Pronominal Clitics in Tsonga and Mozambican Portuguese: A Comparative Study. Doctoral Thesis, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. ProQuest LLC, 2017, No. 10672666.
21. NELIMO. (1989). I Seminário Sobre A Padronização da Ortografia das Línguas Moçambicanas. Maputo: Editora Escolar.
22. Ngunga, A., and Faquir, O. (2011). Padronização da Ortografia de Línguas Moçambicanas: Relatório do III Seminário. Centro de Estudos Africanos (CEA) – UEM, Maputo. Coleção “As Nossas Línguas” III.
23. Ngunga, A., and Simbine, M.C. (2012). Gramática Descritiva do Changana. Centro de Estudos Africanos (CEA) – UEM, Maputo. Coleção “As Nossas Línguas” V.
24. Ngunga, A., and Martins, P.M. (2012). Xihlamusarito Xa Xichangana. Centro de Estudos Africanos (CEA) – UEM, Maputo. Coleção “As Nossas Línguas” VI.
25. Odden, D. (1986a). ‘On the Role of the Obligatory Contour Principle in Phonological Theory.’ Language, 62(2). Linguistic Society of America.
26. Odden, D. (1995). Tone: African Languages, in Goldsmith, J.A. (1995). Handbook of Phonological Theory. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
27. Pradanov, C.C., and De Freitas, E.C. (2013). Metodologia do Trabalho Científico: Métodos e Técnicas de Pesquisa e do Trabalho Acadêmico. 2nd ed. Nova Hamburgo: ASPEUR, Universidade FEEVALE.
28. Ribeiro, A. (2010). Dicionário Gramatical Changana. Edições Paulinas, Maputo.
29. Sitoe, B. (1996). Dicionário Changana – Português. Maputo: INDE.
30. Soares, M.F., and Damulakis, G.N. (2007). Do Princípio do Contorno Obrigatório e Línguas faladas no Brasil. Rev. Est. Linguística, 15(2), Belo Horizonte.
31. Yip, M. (1988). The Obligatory Contour Principle and Phonological Rules: A Loss of Identity. Linguistic Inquiry, 19(1), MIT Press, 65-100. Available online: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4178575. Accessed 21-07-2017.
Published
2020-09-30
How to Cite
Ngunga, A. and Cossa, C. (2020) “Affrication of Voiced Labials (/B, V/) in Changana”, Journal of Law and Social Sciences, 3(1), pp. 145-159. doi: https://doi.org/10.53974/unza.jlss.3.1.447.
Section
Humanities