Mining Associations in Zambia Supporting Women in Small-Scale Mining: A Case Study of Zambian Women in Mining Association
Keywords:
eco-feminism, activism, Association of Zambian Women in Mining, small-scale mining
Abstract
This article focuses on the findings presented from the primary data collected on the Mining Associations in Zambia in general, supporting women in small- scale mining. Using the case study approach, particular attention is given to the Zambian Women in Mining Association (AZWIM) that was created specifically for women. The selection of the case study site was purposive since the association specifically supports women in small-scale mining. The data collected from the case study used the empirical method of observing the facts within their natural surroundings without any attempt to interpret those facts. In addition, eco-feminism as a feminist methodology that supports social change through activism was used to analyse the findings. Ideas and lessons were drawn from three selected examples from different parts of the world that embrace eco-feminist activism. Firstly, from ‘The Chikpo Movement’ in India where women saved the indigenous forests and their water resources from destruction by the limestone mining companies. Secondly, from the possibility to save from collapse the Brazilian dam which was created by the accumulation of the tailing over a decade of mining activities. The overflowing mud from the dam destroyed the communities and the eco-systems caused by the mining companies’ negligence. Finally, from the feminist table an initiative formed after the death of thirty-four mine workers during a strike in Marikana, a mining town in South Africa to help not only the mine workers but the women who supported the men who went on strike. The case study findings showed that there was a clear need to use eco-feminist activism in the mining associations as per the ideas and lessons drawn from the three selected examples to overcome the oppression of women and damage to the environment in small-scale mining in Zambia.References
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2. Murphy, P. (1997). Eco-feminism and postmodernism: agency, transformation and future possibilities. Women Ecol. Environ. 9 (3), P.41–59.
3. Phillips, M. (2014). Re-writing corporate environmentalism: eco-feminism, corporeality and the language of feeling. Gend. Work Organ. 21 (5), P.443–458.
4. Siegel, S. and Viega, M.M. (2009) ‘Artisanal and small-scale mining as an extra-legal economy: De Soto and the redefinition of “formalisation”’. Resources Policy P.51–56.
5. Warren, K.J. (2015). Feminist Environmental Philosophy in: The Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy, Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University.
6. Zimmerman, E.M. Callicott, B. Sessions, G. Warren, J.K. and Clark, J. (eds) (1993). Environmental Philosophy: From Animal Rights to Radical Ecology Engle wood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. P.253-267.
7. Carter, A.S. Hayes, K. and Ziulkowski, A. (2009) ‘Connecting ASM to Markets’, Annual CASM Conference ASM: An Opportunity for Rural Development, Communities and Small-scale Mining.
8. Dobscha, S. (1993) Women and the Environment: Applying Eco-feminism to Environmentally-Related Consumption in NA - Advances in Consumer Research Volume 20, (eds). McAlister, L. and Rothschild M.L, Provo, UT: Association for Consumer Research, P. 36-40.
9. Dreschler, B. (2001) Small-scale Mining and Sustainable Development within the SADC Region. (Report No. 84), ( London. IIED ).
10. Hentschel, T. Hruschka, F. and Priester, M. (2002) Global report on artisanal and small-scale mining, Mineral Mining and Sustainable Development (MMSD) Project. London, International Institute for Environmental Development.
11. Fakier, K. and Cock, J. Eco-feminist Organising in South Africa: Reflections on the Feminist Table. https://doi.org/10.1080/10455752.2017.1421980 (accessed on 23/12/2018).
12. https://commercegazette.ucoz.com/load/federation_for_small_scale_mining_Association_in_zambia/1-1-0-4 (accessed on 10/06/2020).
13. https://delvedatabase.org/about/news-and-events/asm18-event-summary (accessed on 6/04/2020 and 29/05/2020).
14. https://knowledge.uneca.org/ASM/Zambia (accessed on 20/04/2020).
15. https://mwebantu.com/2017/11/02/president-of-small-scale-miners-Association-aims-to-help-zambians-benefit-from-mining/14725/ (accessed on 29/05/2020).
16. https://www.africaoutlookmag.com/industry-insights/article/912-southern-africa-mining-chapter-2016-focuses-on-sustainability-and-investment-opportunities (accessed on 12/06/2020).
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19. https://www.mmmd.gov.zm/ (accessed on 29/05/2020).
20. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2214790X19303910?via%3Dihub (accessed on 6/04/2020).
21. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08941920600981272?scroll=top&needAccess=true (accessed on 5/06/2020).
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23. https://zimeczambia.com/partner/the-federation-of-small-scale-mining-Associations-of-zambia-fssmaz/ (accessed on 10/06/2020).
24. Lungu, J. and Shikwe, A. (2007). Corporate Social Responsibility Practices in Small-scale Mining on the Copperbelt. Briefing Paper.
25. Oxfam Briefing Paper (2017). From Aspiration to Reality: Unpacking The Africa Mining Vision. [www.oxfam.org](http://www.oxfam.org) (accessed on 09/06/2020) P. 10.
26. Rao, M. (2012) Eco-feminism at the Crossroads in India: A Review. Journal of D.E.P. - Deportees, Exiles, Refugees, Special Issue on ‘Eco-feminism’, (Italy CaFoscari University) http://www.unive.it/nqcontent.cfm?a_id=21426 (accessed on 15/06/2020).
27. The declaration is named after the Lozi expression for Victoria Falls, “The Smoke that Thunders,” the summary of the declaration is available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2214790X19303910?via%3Dihub (accessed on 6/04/2020).
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29. Siwale, A. (2018) Institution and Resource Governance at Sub-National Level: The Case of Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining in Zambia, Doctoral Dissertation, Central European University, Budapest, Hungary.
30. Tychsen, J.; Mukofu, C.; Msimuko, J.; Zimba, K.; Chadukwa, C.; Chibonga, M.; Phiri, C.; Simukali, M.; Nguni, M.; Mwenya, C.; Chinyamuka, L.; Sanga, C.; Chuula, T.; and Milimo, I. (2018), ASM Handbook for Zambia, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Copenhagen, Denmark. P. 51-52.
31. Buell, L. and de Dreu, M. (2013). Subject raising in Zulu and the nature of PredP. The Linguistic Review, 30(3): 423-466.
32. Carter, H. (2002). An Outline of Chitonga Grammar. Lusaka: Bookworld Publishers.
33. Embick, D. and Noyer, R. (2007). Distributed Morphology and Syntax/Morphology Interface, in G. Ramchand and C. Reiss (eds.), Oxford Handbook of Linguistics Interface. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
34. Evans, V. and Green, M. (2006). Cognitive Linguistics: An Introduction. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
35. Halle, M. (1997). Distributed morphology: Impoverishment and fission. MIT Working Papers in Linguistics 30: Papers at the Interface.
36. Halle, M. and Marantz, A. (1993). Distributed morphology and the pieces of inflection. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
37. Harley, H. and Noyer, R. (1999). Distributed Morphology. Glot International, 4(4): 3-7.
38. Jerro, K. (2015). Copulas and the semantics of location. In Christopher Brown, Qianping Gu, Cornelia Loos, Jason Mielens and Grace Neveu (eds.), Proceedings of the 15th Texas Linguistic Society: 91-109.
39. Marantz, A. (1988). Clitics, morphological merger and the mapping to phonological structure. In Hammond, M. and Noonan, M. (eds.), Theoretical Morphology. Approaches in Modern Linguistics. San Diego: Academic Press: 253-270.
40. Schneider-Zioga, P. (2018). Non-verbal predication in Bantu. Publisher unknown: 1-27.
41. Schneider-Zioga, P. and Hederg, N. (2015). Predication, Specification and Information Structure in Kinande. GLOW 38, Paris.
Published
2022-06-09
How to Cite
Mandhu, F. (2022) “Mining Associations in Zambia Supporting Women in Small-Scale Mining: A Case Study of Zambian Women in Mining Association”, Journal of Law and Social Sciences, 4(4), pp. 1-18. doi: https://doi.org/10.53974/unza.jlss.4.4.767.
Section
Articles