Synthesis of Literature: Integrating Disability Models into Non- communicable Diseases and HIV Care
Abstract
Background: The coexistence of NCDs and HIV poses complex healthcare challenges, requiring integrated care models for improved patient outcomes. This paper explores three integrated service models and examines disability models' relevance to better understand the context. Additionally, it discusses the impact of COVID-19 on individuals with NCDs and HIV, further highlighting the need for comprehensive approaches to address existing disparities. Methods: A literature review was conducted to identify and analyze three integrated care models: Model 1 - NCD programs merged with existing HIV support institutions; Model 2 - Incorporating NCD services into established HIV care settings; and Model 3 - Jointly launched HIV and NCD programs. The paper also delves into disability models, including welfare, medical, and educational/social models. Results: The literature review revealed that Model 1 allows for holistic care during single visits, with AMPATH in Kenya showcasing its effectiveness. Model 2 enhances efficiency by integrating NCD services into primary health care systems, while Model 3 presents implementation challenges that need careful consideration. Disability models provide critical insights into the diverse perspectives surrounding disabilities in the context of integrated care. Individuals with NCDs and HIV encountered heightened vulnerability to severe COVID-19 outcomes. Disruptions in healthcare services affected regular medical check-ups and treatments, potentially impacting disease management. The pandemic exacerbated mental health issues, such as anxiety and depression. Moreover, existing disparities were amplified, resulting in limited access to resources and healthcare facilities. Conclusion: The integration of care for individuals with NCDs and HIV necessitates innovative, patient-centered approaches. Model 1, 2, and 3 offer viable solutions, but their successful implementation requires collaboration and addressing contextual challenges. Disability models aid in comprehending the nuances of integrated care, promoting a holistic understanding of disabilities. The COVID-19 pandemic has further underscored the urgency of integrated care and calls for equitable healthcare systems that address existing disparities. By embracing disability models and comprehensive strategies, healthcare providers can create resilient systems to better serve individuals with NCDs and HIV during pandemics and beyond. Keywords: Integration, Non-Communicable Diseases, NCDs, HIV, COVID-19, Healthcare, Disability ModelsAll authors who submit their paper for publication will abide by following provisions of the copyright transfer: 1. The copyright of the paper rests with the authors. And they are transferring the copyright to publish the article and used the article for indexing and storing for public use with due reference to published matter in the name of concerned authors. 2. The authors reserve all proprietary rights such as patent rights and the right to use all or part of the article in future works of their own such as lectures, press releases, and reviews of textbooks. 3. In the case of republication of the whole, part, or parts thereof, in periodicals or reprint publications by a third party, written permission must be obtained from the Managing Editor of JPRM. 4. The authors declare that the material being presented by them in this paper is their original work, and does not contain or include material taken from other copyrighted sources. Wherever such material has been included, it has been clearly indented or/and identified by quotation marks and due and proper acknowledgements given by citing the source at appropriate places. 5. The paper, the final version of which they submit, is not substantially the same as any that they had already published elsewhere. 6. They declare that they have not sent the paper or any paper substantially the same as the submitted one, for publication anywhere else. 7. Furthermore, the author may only post his/her version provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication in this journal and a link is inserted wherever published. 8. All contents, Parts, written matters, publications are under copyright act taken by JPRM. 9. Published articles will be available for use by scholars and researchers. 10. IJPRM is not responsible in any type of claim on publication in our Journal. .