Results Based Financing in Zambia: Performance Evaluation and Exploration of Opportunities in Health System Adoption
Abstract
Background – Results Based Financing has strategically fit into discussions of the Universal Health Coverage agenda at global level with the aim of meeting the Sustainable Development Goals. It has been viewed that Results Based Financing is a potent financing model and can be used as a strategic tool for remodeling the health systems in many developing countries as suggested by prior studies which argued that Results Based Financing implementation requires: (i) a strong management support and political will; (ii) maximum innovative efficiencies and willingness for change; and (iii) strengthened health management information and reporting systems. Therefore, this study aimed at understanding how Results Based Financing approaches can be scaled-up by exploring the Successes, Challenges and Opportunities of adopting it into the health system from its project form. Methods - A case study design was used for this research with a quantitative data collection approach. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22. Results - The Results Based Financing programme improved all the indicators targeted in Lunte District Health facilities. The successes of the project included improved quality of health care services and strengthened health system. A notable challenge for Results Based Financing implementers was poor performance of non-incentivized indicators compared with the incentivized. However, an opportunity was seen with the project in that other financing models were discussed to either mimic or simply use Results Based Financing tools, pool funds in one basket and apply the concept. Results Based Financing improved efficiency and effectiveness based on results that health facilities learnt how to manage funds, shown by 67% of respondents, and commitment to re-investment 60% of their bonuses back into the system. Conclusion - Results based financing can be regarded as a model for harmonizing other donor funds and drive forward the financial sustainability of being a successful financing strategy for the health sector
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