Growth Performance of Kuroiler (Rhode Island Red x White Leghorn) Chickens Fed Aflatoxin Contaminated Maize-Based Diets Treated with Different Amounts of Lemon (Limon Citrus) Juice

Francisco Kanyinji; Ketty Musukwa; Joseph Simbaya; Oswin Chibinga; Sylvia J Harrison; Joyce Mufungwe

doi:10.53974/unza.jabs.6.4.1029

Francisco Kanyinji School of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Animal Science, Lusaka, Zambia
Ketty Musukwa Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, P.O. BOX 510065, Petauke, Zambia
Joseph Simbaya School of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Animal Science, Lusaka, Zambia
Oswin Chibinga School of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Animal Science, Lusaka, Zambia
Sylvia J Harrison School of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Animal Science, Lusaka, Zambia
Joyce Mufungwe School of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Animal Science, Lusaka, Zambia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.53974/unza.jabs.6.4.1029

Keywords: Aflatoxin Contaminated Maize-Based Diet, Kuroiler Chickens, Improved Village Chickens

Abstract

Aflatoxin contamination in feed and feed ingredients is prevalent worldwide and poses serious risks to both livestock and humans. This study assessed the effects of feeding Aflatoxin (AF) contaminated maize-based diets treated with varying levels of lemon juice to Kuroiler chickens’ growth performance. Lemon juice was extracted from fruits purchased from the local market and mixed with isocaloric and isonitrogenic diets (starter, grower and finisher) containing AF-contaminated maize, at 0, 250, 500 and 750ml lemon juice/Kg of feed. The diets were left to dry for 24 hours, after which 100g samples were collected from each diet to measure and compare the residual AF levels. Then, 100 day-old Kuroiler chicks were sourced from a local hatchery and divided into four treatment groups (n = 25). Each group was replicated four times. The treatment groups were randomly assigned to 0, 250, 500, and 750ml lemon juice/Kg feed–treated diets. These feeds and clean drinking water were supplied to the birds ad libitum for 49 days. Feed intake was monitored daily, and body weights, weight gains, and feed conversion ratios were assessed weekly. It was observed that the amount of residual AF in each diet depended on the amount of lemon juice used to treat it. The untreated diet had the highest AF levels at 36 ppb, followed by that which was treated with 250, 500, and 750 ml lemon juice/Kg feed at 28.1, 21.3, and 7.4 ppb, respectively. Growth performance variables assessed were also influenced by the amounts of residual AF levels in the diet. Birds fed diets with the lowest residual AF levels at 7.4 ppb had the best (p < 0.05) growth performance in all the variables, while the least (p < 0.05) was observed in birds fed untreated diet, followed by those that were fed diets treated with 250 and 500ml Lemon juice/kg feed. It was concluded that lemon juice was able to degrade AF in diets that had maize contaminated with AF, but the extent to which it inactivated it, depended on the amount of juiced used. Similarly, growth performance of birds fed diets with AF-contaminated maize treated with lemon juice was also dependent on the levels of residual AF in feeds after treatment, with the best performance observed in chickens fed diets treated with 750ml lemon juice per kg feed.

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