Efficacy of Aloe Vera and Curcuma Longa in managing Porcine Staphylococcal Infections
Keywords:
Aloe Vera, Antimicrobial Resistance, Curcuma Longa, Ethnoveterinary Medicine, Pigs, Staphylococcus Aureus
Abstract
Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a global public health threat, impacting the livestock sector. In Southern Africa, alternative ethno-remedies for AMR in pigs are under-researched. This study evaluated the efficacy of Aloe vera and Curcuma longa in managing Staphylococcus aureus infections in pigs. Materials and Methods: Herbs were collected following a non-participatory rapid appraisal from Luanshya and Lusaka Districts of Zambia, while S. aureus was sourced from porcine nasal swabs. Crude extracts were prepared using ethanol, ethyl acetate, and aqueous solvents. The agar dilution method assessed the efficacy of three groups: Aloe vera, Curcuma longa, and a combination (5:1). Cephalexin, neomycin, and kanamycin served as positive controls, while DMSO was the negative control. Results: Curcuma longa showed the highest susceptibility (S=75%, I=25%), followed by Aloe vera (S=56%, I=19%, R=25%). The combined formulation yielded S=48%, I=26%, R=26%. The positive control produced S=63%, R=37%, and the negative control had R=100%. Conclusion: Curcuma longa and Aloe vera exhibit potential in managing porcine upper respiratory tract infections caused by S. aureus in Zambia. These findings warrant further safety and clinical tests to validate their use, determine minimum inhibitory concentrations, and establish appropriate dosages for effective application.References
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2. Aarestrup FM, Oliver Duran C, Burch DGS. Antimicrobial resistance in swine production. Animal health research reviews / Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. 2008;9: 135–148. doi:10.1017/S1466252308001503
3. World Animal Protection. The Hidden Health Impacts of Industrial Livestock Systems. 2022; 1–78.
4. Rahman RT, Fliss I, Biron E. Insights in the Development and Uses of Alternatives to Antibiotic Growth Promoters in Poultry and Swine Production. 2022; 1–29.
5. Samutela MT, Stephen B, Phiri J, Simulundu E, Kwenda G, Moonga L, et al. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles and Molecular Characterisation of Staphylococcus aureus from Pigs and Workers at Farms and Abattoirs in Zambia. 2022.
6. OMS. Global action plan on antimicrobial resistance. World Health Organisation. 2017; 1–28.
7. Chinsembu KC, Negumbo J, Likando M, Mbangu A. An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used to treat livestock diseases in Onayena and Katima Mulilo, Namibia. South African Journal of Botany. 2014;94: 101–107. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2014.06.007
8. Samutela MT, Phiri BSJ, Simulundu E, Kwenda G, Moonga L, Bwalya EC, et al. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles and Molecular Characterisation of Staphylococcus aureus from Pigs and Workers at Farms and Abattoirs in Zambia. Antibiotics. 2022;11. doi:10.3390/antibiotics11070844
9. Mn BN, Punniamurthy N, Mekala P, Ramakrishnan N, Sk K. Ethnoveterinary formulation for treatment of bovine mastitis Ethno-veterinary Formulation for Treatment of Bovine Mastitis. 2017.
10. Ngwisha J, Samutela MT, Zulu M, Mwasinga W, Balakrishnan NMN, Choongo K, et al. In-vitro potential of crude extracts of selected garden herbs for mastitis management in Zambia. University of Zambia Journal of Agricultural and Biomedical Sciences. 2021;5: 49–62. doi:10.53974/unza.jabs.5.1.523.
11. Cos P, Vlietinck AJ, Berghe D Vanden, Maes L. Anti-infective potential of natural products: How to develop a stronger in vitro “proof-of-concept.” J Ethnopharmacol. 2006;106: 290–302. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2006.04.003.
12. Das K, Tiwari RKS, Shrivastava DK. Techniques for evaluation of medicinal plant products as antimicrobial agent: Current methods and future trends. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2010;4: 104–111. doi:10.5897/JMPR09.030
13. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Weinstein MP. Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically. 11th ed.
14. World Health Organisation (WHO). Global antimicrobial resistance surveillance system. Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System: Manual for Early Implementation. 2015; 36.
15. Zheng D, Huang C, Huang H, Zhao Y, Khan MRU, Zhao H, et al. Antibacterial Mechanism of Curcumin: A Review. Chem Biodivers. 2020;17. doi:10.1002/cbdv.202000171.
16. Mn BN, Punniamurthy N, Mekala P, Ramakrishnan N, Sk K. Ethnoveterinary formulation for treatment of bovine mastitis Ethno-veterinary Formulation for Treatment of Bovine Mastitis. 2017.
17. Moghadamtousi SZ, Kadir HA, Hassandarvish P, Tajik H, Abubakar S, Zandi K. A Review on Antibacterial , Antiviral , and Antifungal Activity of Curcumin. 2014;2014. doi:10.1155/2014/186864.
18. Murray CJ, Ikuta KS, Sharara F, Swetschinski L, Robles Aguilar G, Gray A, et al. Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis. The Lancet. 2022;399: 629–655. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0.
19. Suzuki S, Topp E, Canada A-F, Usui CM, Founou LL, Founou RC, et al. Antibiotic Resistance in the Food Chain: A Developing Country-Perspective. Frontiers in Microbiology | www.frontiersin.org. 2016;7: 1881. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.01881
Published
2024-11-15
How to Cite
1.
Ngwisha J, Samutela M, Hangómbe B, Choongo K. Efficacy of Aloe Vera and Curcuma Longa in managing Porcine Staphylococcal Infections. Journal of Agricultural and Biomedical Sciences [Internet]. 15Nov.2024 [cited 1Jul.2025];8(1). Available from: https://journals.unza.zm/index.php/JABS/article/view/1233
Section
Biomedical Sciences
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