Serological evidence of Newcastle disease in unvaccinated village chickens in selected districts of Western and Southern provinces of Zambia
Keywords:
Antibodies, Newcastle disease, Haemagglutination inhibition test.
Abstract
A serological survey for antibodies against Newcastle Disease virus (NDV) involving 170 village chickens was carried out in Mongu district of Western and in Batoka, Choma and Magoye districts of Southern Province of Zambia respectively. The objective was to determine the sero-prevalence of NDV in the study districts. The chickens had no history of vaccination against NDV. Serum samples were tested by the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test for presence or absence of antibodies against NDV antigens. Antibody presence against the virus was noted in 57.58% and 20.37% in Western and Southern Provinces, respectively, with titers ranging from 2 to 64. However, protective antibody titers of ≥3 (log2) against NDV were found only in 35 % and 1l % of those chickens from Western and Southern provinces, respectively. The findings indicated a considerable activity of the virus among the village chickens in the two provinces. However, the proportion of birds with protective antibodies reported herein is not sufficient to prevent outbreaks in individual village chicken flocks. These results suggest that village chickens may play a significant role in the transmission of the virus to the commercial poultry farms and indicate the need for the routine vaccinations of scavenging village chickens. Nation-wide active surveillance of ND should also be conducted to define the true status' of the disease in village chickens in Zambia.References
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2. Abegunde, A.A. and Mbibu, H.N., 1987. A survey for antibodies to avian influenza virus in Nigerian chickens. Zarcy. Vet., 2:56-57.
3. Adene, D.F., 1997. Disease of Poultry in Nigeria. An overview of the problems and solutions. Trop. vet., 15: 103-110.
4. Adene, D.F., 1990. Country report on the management and health problems of rural poultry stock in Nigeria. In: Proceedings of Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CTA). Seminar on Smallholder Rural Poultry Production, Thessaloniki, Greece, 9-13 October, 2: 175-182.
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Feed-based ND vaccine for village chickens. Poultry International Public, December edition, Pp 24-28.
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P.B., 1998. Trials with the V4 ND vaccine in Ghana.
In: Proceedings of scientific session at the Fourth Asian pacific poultry health conference, Melbourne, Australia, November, 22-26:124.
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10. Bell, J.G., Fotzo, T.M., Amara, A. and Agbede G., 1995. A field trial of the heat resistant V4 vaccine against ND by eye-drop inoculation in village poultry in Cameroon. Prev. Vet. Med., 25: 19-25.
l l. Collee, J.G., Duguid, J.P., Fraser, A.G., Marmion, B.P., 1982. Practical Medical Microbiology, If ed. Mackie and McCartney Churchill Livingstone, Pp 37-39.
12. Copland, J.W., 1987. Newcastle disease in poultry a new food pellet-vaccine. The Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR):
Canberra, Monograph, No. 5 : 7-9.
13. Ezeokolli, C.D., Umoh, J.U. Adesiyu, A.A., and Abdu, P.A 1984. Prevalence of ND virus antibodies in local and exotic chickens under different management systems in Nigeria. Bul. of An. Hlth. and Prod. inAfr., 32:253-257.
14. Gomwalk, N.E., Adesiyun, J. T. , Bishu, G. and Adesiyun, A.A., 1985. A serological survey of ND virus in domestic poultry around Zaria. Nig. Vet. Jour., 14:70.
15. Jarra, J., Aini, A. , Schat, K.A and Tourary, O. , 1991. vaccination of village chickens in Gambia against ND using the heat resistant, food pelleted vaccine. Av. Path., 20:721-724.
16. Nawathe, D.R., Majiyagbe, K.A. and Ayoola, S.O., 1975. Characterization of ND isolates from Nigeria. Bul. ofInt. Epiz., 83: 11-12.
17. NWOSU, 1. and Okeke S.T., 1989. The role of local chickens in the spread of ND, in Nigeria. Zaiya vet, 4:25-29.
18. Okeke, A.N. and Lamorde, A.G., 1988. ND and its control in Nigeria. National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria. In: Diseases of Animals in Africa. Olufemi Williams A. and Masiga W.N. (editors), OAU, CTAPub1ication, Pp. 283-287
19. Olabode A.O., Lamorde, A.G., Shidali N.N. and Chikwuedo A.A., 1992. Village chickens and ND in Nigeria. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research Proceedings, no. 39. Pp. 159-160.
20. Orajaka, L.J.E., Adene, D.F., Anene B.M. & Onuoha E.A., 1999. Seroprevalence of ND in local chickens from Southeast derived from Savannah zone of Nigeria. Revee Elevage Medicine Veterinaire Pays Tropicaux, 52: 185-188.
21. Philips J.M. 1973. Vaccination against Newcastle disease virus.Pan assessment of haemagglutination inhibition titres obtained from field samples. Vet. Rec., 93:577-583.
22. Sanglid, I.K. and Spalatin, J., 1982. ND vaccination with the V4 strain in Malawi: Laboratory and field studies. Av. Dis., 26:625-628
23. Shamaki, D., Durojaive, O.A. and Ojeh C.K., 1989. Immunogenicity of ND vaccines. Zariya vet., 11: 19-24
24. Spradbrow, P.B., 1997. Policy framework for smallholder rural poultry development.In smallholder rural poultry development. Sustainable Poultry production in Africa held in Addis Ababa Ethiopia, Pp 3039.
25. Spradbrow, P.B., 1992. A review of the use of food carries for the delivery of oral ND vaccination. In: spradbrow, P.B. ed. Proceedings of an International Workshop, Kuala Lumpur, 6-10 Octobers, Camberra,ACIARProceedings, No. 39: 18-20
26. Spradbrow, P.B., 1988. Geographical distribution.In: D.J. Alexander (Editor). ND, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, MA, Pp. 247-255.
27. Tu, T.D., Phuc K.v., Dinh, N.T.K., Quoc, D.N. and Spradbrow P.B., 1998. Vietnamese trials with a thermos table ND vaccine (strain 9-2) in experimental and village chickens. Prev. Vet. Med., 34:205-214.
28. Usman, M., 2002. Effects of vaccination of chickens against ND with thermo stable V4 and La- Sota vaccines using different grains and their brans as vehicle. Msc. Thesis, Department of Veterinary Surgery and Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Nigeria.
2. Abegunde, A.A. and Mbibu, H.N., 1987. A survey for antibodies to avian influenza virus in Nigerian chickens. Zarcy. Vet., 2:56-57.
3. Adene, D.F., 1997. Disease of Poultry in Nigeria. An overview of the problems and solutions. Trop. vet., 15: 103-110.
4. Adene, D.F., 1990. Country report on the management and health problems of rural poultry stock in Nigeria. In: Proceedings of Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CTA). Seminar on Smallholder Rural Poultry Production, Thessaloniki, Greece, 9-13 October, 2: 175-182.
5 Adu, F.D., Edo, U. and Sokale B. 1986. ND: The Immunological Status of Nigerian local chickens. Trop. vet., 4: 149-152.
6. Aini A., Ibrahim, A.L. and Babjee A.M., 1990.
Feed-based ND vaccine for village chickens. Poultry International Public, December edition, Pp 24-28.
7. Amakye-Amin, J., Alders, R.G and Spradbrow,
P.B., 1998. Trials with the V4 ND vaccine in Ghana.
In: Proceedings of scientific session at the Fourth Asian pacific poultry health conference, Melbourne, Australia, November, 22-26:124.
8. Anonymous 2004. Avain influenza. In: offce international des Epizootics (OIE) Manual of Diagnostic tests and vaccines for Terrestrial animals.
9. Baba, S.S., El-yuguda, A.D., Baba, M.m., 1998. Serological evidence of mixed infections with ND and egg drop syndrome, viruses in village chickens in Brno State, Nigeria. Trop. Vet., 16: 137-14.
10. Bell, J.G., Fotzo, T.M., Amara, A. and Agbede G., 1995. A field trial of the heat resistant V4 vaccine against ND by eye-drop inoculation in village poultry in Cameroon. Prev. Vet. Med., 25: 19-25.
l l. Collee, J.G., Duguid, J.P., Fraser, A.G., Marmion, B.P., 1982. Practical Medical Microbiology, If ed. Mackie and McCartney Churchill Livingstone, Pp 37-39.
12. Copland, J.W., 1987. Newcastle disease in poultry a new food pellet-vaccine. The Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR):
Canberra, Monograph, No. 5 : 7-9.
13. Ezeokolli, C.D., Umoh, J.U. Adesiyu, A.A., and Abdu, P.A 1984. Prevalence of ND virus antibodies in local and exotic chickens under different management systems in Nigeria. Bul. of An. Hlth. and Prod. inAfr., 32:253-257.
14. Gomwalk, N.E., Adesiyun, J. T. , Bishu, G. and Adesiyun, A.A., 1985. A serological survey of ND virus in domestic poultry around Zaria. Nig. Vet. Jour., 14:70.
15. Jarra, J., Aini, A. , Schat, K.A and Tourary, O. , 1991. vaccination of village chickens in Gambia against ND using the heat resistant, food pelleted vaccine. Av. Path., 20:721-724.
16. Nawathe, D.R., Majiyagbe, K.A. and Ayoola, S.O., 1975. Characterization of ND isolates from Nigeria. Bul. ofInt. Epiz., 83: 11-12.
17. NWOSU, 1. and Okeke S.T., 1989. The role of local chickens in the spread of ND, in Nigeria. Zaiya vet, 4:25-29.
18. Okeke, A.N. and Lamorde, A.G., 1988. ND and its control in Nigeria. National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria. In: Diseases of Animals in Africa. Olufemi Williams A. and Masiga W.N. (editors), OAU, CTAPub1ication, Pp. 283-287
19. Olabode A.O., Lamorde, A.G., Shidali N.N. and Chikwuedo A.A., 1992. Village chickens and ND in Nigeria. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research Proceedings, no. 39. Pp. 159-160.
20. Orajaka, L.J.E., Adene, D.F., Anene B.M. & Onuoha E.A., 1999. Seroprevalence of ND in local chickens from Southeast derived from Savannah zone of Nigeria. Revee Elevage Medicine Veterinaire Pays Tropicaux, 52: 185-188.
21. Philips J.M. 1973. Vaccination against Newcastle disease virus.Pan assessment of haemagglutination inhibition titres obtained from field samples. Vet. Rec., 93:577-583.
22. Sanglid, I.K. and Spalatin, J., 1982. ND vaccination with the V4 strain in Malawi: Laboratory and field studies. Av. Dis., 26:625-628
23. Shamaki, D., Durojaive, O.A. and Ojeh C.K., 1989. Immunogenicity of ND vaccines. Zariya vet., 11: 19-24
24. Spradbrow, P.B., 1997. Policy framework for smallholder rural poultry development.In smallholder rural poultry development. Sustainable Poultry production in Africa held in Addis Ababa Ethiopia, Pp 3039.
25. Spradbrow, P.B., 1992. A review of the use of food carries for the delivery of oral ND vaccination. In: spradbrow, P.B. ed. Proceedings of an International Workshop, Kuala Lumpur, 6-10 Octobers, Camberra,ACIARProceedings, No. 39: 18-20
26. Spradbrow, P.B., 1988. Geographical distribution.In: D.J. Alexander (Editor). ND, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, MA, Pp. 247-255.
27. Tu, T.D., Phuc K.v., Dinh, N.T.K., Quoc, D.N. and Spradbrow P.B., 1998. Vietnamese trials with a thermos table ND vaccine (strain 9-2) in experimental and village chickens. Prev. Vet. Med., 34:205-214.
28. Usman, M., 2002. Effects of vaccination of chickens against ND with thermo stable V4 and La- Sota vaccines using different grains and their brans as vehicle. Msc. Thesis, Department of Veterinary Surgery and Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Nigeria.
Published
2025-09-23
How to Cite
1.
Zulu L. Serological evidence of Newcastle disease in unvaccinated village chickens in selected districts of Western and Southern provinces of Zambia. Journal of Agricultural and Biomedical Sciences [Internet]. 23Sep.2025 [cited 14Oct.2025];2(2):69-2. Available from: https://journals.unza.zm/index.php/JABS/article/view/1564
Section
Veterinary Medicine
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