Ethical Issues Surrounding the Exportation of Samples from Developing Countries II
Abstract
This article is a second part of a two-part-series article on the exportation of samples from developing countries. The study set out to determine the ethical issues surrounding exportation of human tissues from developing countries. The specific objectives were to determine the following: What are the benefits of exportation of human samples to developed countries? What are the risks of exportation of human samples to developed countries? Do African Research Ethics Committees have concerns with approving research proposals requiring exportation of samples? If there are concerns, what are the concerns? Is there exploitation of developing countries in the exportation of samples? A systematic search of literature was done resulting in a review of 91 articles. The first two specific objectives were addressed in Paper I (in JABS 2012, 1(2):86–89). This paper focuses on the outcomes of the last two specific objectives.References
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37. Seguin B, Hardy BJ, Singer PA, Daar AS (2008) Genomics, public health and developing countries: the case of the Mexican National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Nature Reviews Genetics 9, S5–S9 doi:10.1038/nrg2442
2. Bodeneski E (2007). Research Ethics Committees in Africa Report Inadequate funding. The Johns Hopkins University Gazette, 36(19)
[http://www.jhu.edu/gazette/2007/29jan02/29ethics.html](http://www.jhu.edu/gazette/2007/29jan02/29ethics.html)
3. Kirigia JM, Muthuri LK, Kirigia DG (2007). Health-related biotechnology transfer to Africa: Principal-agency relationship issues. African Journal of Medical Science, 36:81-90.
4. Auray-Blais, C & Patenaude, J (2006). A biobank management model application to biomedical research, BMC Medical Ethics, 7:4 doi: 10.1186/1472-6939-7-4.
5. UNZAREC (2009). Research proposals received over past 10 years – Unpublished.
6. Upshur REG, Lavery JV, Tindana PO (2007). Taking tissue seriously means taking communities seriously. BMC Medical Ethics, 8:11 doi:1186/1472-6939-8-11
7. Skene L (2007). Undertaking Research in Other Countries: National Ethico-Legal Barometers and International Ethical Consensus Statements. PLoS Med 4 (2)\:e10 doi:1371/journal.pmed.0040010
8. Jegede AS (2009a). Understanding informed consent for participation in international health research. Developing World Bioethics 9(2):81-87.
9. Maschke KJ & Murray TH (2004). Ethical Issues in tissue banking for research: the prospects and pitfalls of setting international standards. Theoretical Medicine & Bioethics, 25:143-155.
10. Dickenson D (2004). Consent, Commodification & Benefit-Sharing in genetic research. Developing World Bioethics, Dec 4 (2)109-124.
11. Nakkazi E (2006). Uganda losing millions of cash in exportation of human samples. Monjitor Online [http://www.blackherbals.com/Uganda](http://www.blackherbals.com/Uganda) is losing millions exportation human samples.htm
12. Verastegui EL (2006). Consenting of the vulnerable: the informed consent procedure in advanced cancer patients in Mexico. BMC Medical Ethics, 7:13 doi:10.1186/1472-6939-7-13.
13. Emanuel EJ, Wendler D,Killen K, Grady C (2004). What makes clinical research in developing countries ethical?
14. Nkanu EM (2009). Ethical shipping: issues, strategies and challenges in Zambia. Ethically Speaking, 11:55-57.
15. Moodley K & Myer L (2007). Health Research Ethics Committees in South Africa 12 years into democracy. BMC Medical Ethics, 8:1 doi:10.1186/1472-6939-8-1
16. Perrey C, Wasserman D, Gilchrist S, Ivanoff B (2009). Ethical issues in Medical research in the Developing world: A report on a meeting organized by Foundation Merieux. Developing World Bioethics, 9(2): 88-96.
17. Annas GJ (2009). Globalized Clinical Trials and Informed Consent. New English Journal of Medicine, 360 (20):2050-2053.
18. Deasenapathy N, Singh K, Prabhakaran D (2009). Conduct of clinical trials in developing countries: a perspective. Current Opinion in Cardiology, 24:295-300.
19. Landes M (2005). Can context justify an ethical double standard for clinical research in developing countries. Globalization and Health, 1:11 doi:10.1186/1744-8603-1-11
20. Weijer C (2010). Ethics in conduct of trials in developing countries. British Medical Journal, 340\:c1373.
21. Slowther A, Boynton P, Shaw S (2006). Research Governance: ethical issues, Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 99:65-72.
22. Nkanu EM, Munthali JC (2009). Zambia at a crossroad on exportation of samples. Ethically Speaking, 13:53-54.
23. Federman DD, Hanna KE, Rodriguez LL (2004). Responsible Research. A system Approach to Protecting Research Participants. Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. The National Academies Press, Washington DC Pgs 13, 119-128, 240-241, 247-248.
24. Nkanu EM (2004). To what did they consent? An audit of the consent process as seen in a study conducted in Mazabuka Zambia. Practicum towards Postgraduate Diploma in International Research Ethics, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
25. Molyneux CS, Peshu N Marsh K (2004). Understanding of informed consent in low income setting: Three case studies from the Kenyan Coast. Social Medicine and Medicine, 59(12):2547.
26. Molyneux CS, Peshu N Marsh K (2005). Trust and informed consent: Insights from Community members on the Kenyan Coast. Social Medicine and Medicine, 61(7):1463-1473.
27. Andrews LB (2005). Harnessing the Benefits of Biobanks. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 33(1):22-30.
28. Marshall PA (2006). Informed Consent in International Health Research: Ensuring Voluntariness. Cultural perspectives.
29. Gikonyo C, Bejon P, Marsh V, Molyneux S (2008). Taking social relationships seriously: Lessons learned from the informed consent practices of a vaccine trial on the Kenyan Coast. Social Science & Medicine, 67:708-720.
30. Hemminki E (2005). Agents of Research Policy? Health Policy and Systems, 3:6 [http://www.health-policy-systems-.com/content/3/1/6](http://www.health-policy-systems-.com/content/3/1/6)
31. Wendler D (2006). One-time general consent for research on biological samples. British Medical Journal, 332(7540):544-547.
32. Dresser R (2002). The Ubiquity and Utility of the Therapeutic Misconception. Social Philosophy and Policy, 19:271-294.
33. Ogundiran TO (2004). Enhancing the African Bioethics Initiative. BMC Medical Education. 4:21 doi:10.1186/1472-6920-21
34. Hardy BJ, Seguin B, Goodsaid F, Jimenez-Sanchez G, Singer PA, Daar AS (2008). The next steps for genomic medicine: challenges and opportunities for the developing world. Nature Review & Genetic, Oct: 523-527.
35. Sgaier SK, Jha P, Mony P, Kurpad A, Lakshmi V, Kumar R, Ganguly NK (2007). Biobanks in developing countries: Needs and Feasibility, [www.sciencemag.org](http://www.sciencemag.org)
36. Chima SC (2006) Global Medicine: Regulation of Biomedical Research in Africa. British Medical Journal, 332:848-851
37. Seguin B, Hardy BJ, Singer PA, Daar AS (2008) Genomics, public health and developing countries: the case of the Mexican National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Nature Reviews Genetics 9, S5–S9 doi:10.1038/nrg2442
Published
2014-03-31
How to Cite
1.
Munalula-Nkandu E, K D, Munthali J, Viafora C. Ethical Issues Surrounding the Exportation of Samples from Developing Countries II. Journal of Agricultural and Biomedical Sciences [Internet]. 31Mar.2014 [cited 26Aug.2025];2(1):37-2. Available from: https://journals.unza.zm/index.php/JABS/article/view/346
Section
Biomedical Sciences
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