Performance of Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) Varietiesunder Water Regimes and Nitrogen Rates
Keywords:
Grain yield, Wheat, Water, Nitrogen, Variety
Abstract
Objective of study and study design: High cost of supplying water and nitrogen is reducing the planted hectarage and restricting the production of spring wheat among wheat growers in Zambia. A field experiment was carried to determine the performance of twelve common spring wheat varieties when subjected to water regimes and nitrogen application ratesat Nanga Irrigation Research Station in Mazabuka in 2011 winter season. The experiment was performed as a Split-split in a Randomised Complete Block Design with three replications. Water regimes (100%, 75% and 50% crop water requirements (CWR)) were considered as main factor, nitrogen rates (80, 160 and 240 Kg N ha-1) as sub-factor and variety (Nduna, Shine, Sekuru, Sahai I, Loerie II, Pungwa, Choza, UNZA I, UNZA II, Mampolyo, Nseba and Coucal) as sub-sub factor. Grain yield, spike length, above ground biomass, plant height, thousand kernel weight,harvest index, spikelets perspikeand number of grains per spike were measured. Results: Mampolyo, Nduna and Pungwa significantly (p < 0.05) produced the same and highest grain yield of 6,473, 6,494 and 6,395 kg ha-1, respectively at 100% CWR and lowest nitrogen rate. At 50% CWR and optimum nitrogen rate, Loerie II (5,351kg ha-1) and Sahai I (6,086kg ha-1) significantly (p < 0.05) produced the same and highest yields. At 75% CWR and 160 kg N ha-1, Mampolyo (5,703kg ha-1) and Sekuru (5,325kg ha-1) significantly (p < 0.05) produced the same and the highest yields and 75% CWR and 80 kg N ha-1,Nseba (5,667kg ha-1), Shine (5,224kg ha-1) and Choza (5,559kg ha-1) significantly (p < 0.05)produced the same and highestgrain yields. The optimum and low level of either water on nitrogen or vice versa and 80 kg N ha-1 with 75% CWR offers wide options for spring wheat variety choice for wheat production. Conclusion: It was concluded that farmers could select some varieties with high grain yields based on the input combination suiting their capacity and increase on planted hectarage and ultimately wheat production.References
1. Agricultural Consultative Forum (ACF). 2011. Wheat value chain in Zambia. ACF Report of 2011. Lusaka. Zambia.
2. Ali, L., Q, Mdy-Ud-Din and M. Ali. 2003. Effect of different doses of nitrogen fertiliser on yield of wheat. Int. J. Agric. Biol. 5(4): 438- 439.
3. Davies, W.J., J. Zhang., J. Yang and I.C. Dodd. 2011. Novel Crop Science to improve yield and resource use efficiency in water limited agriculture: Foresight Project on Global food and farming futures. Journal of Agricultural science. 149: 123 – 131.
4. Fallahi, H. A., A. Nasseri and A. Siadat. 2008.Wheatyield components are positivelyinfluenced by nitrogen application undermoisturedeficitenvironments. Int. J. Agri. Biol.10(6): 673 – 676.
5. Gorny, A. G., Z. Banaszak., B. Lugowska and D. Ratajcka. 2011. Inheritance of the efficiency of nitrogen uptake and utilisation in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L) under diverse nutritional levels. Euphytica. 177: 191 - 206.
6. Guendouz, A., S. Guessoum., K. Maamari and M. Hafsi. 2012. Effects of supplementary irrigation on grain yield, yield components and some morphological traits of durum wheat (Triticum Durum Desf.) cultivars. Adv. Environ. Biol. 6(2): 564 – 572.
7. Igbal, J., S. Hussain., A. Ali and M. A. A. H. A. Bakhsh. 2012. Effect of Seeding Rates and Nitrogen Levels on Yield and Yield components of wheat (Triticum aestivum L). Pak. J. Nutr. 11 (7) : 531 – 536.
8. Jamali, K. D and S. A. Ali. 2008. Yield and yield components with relation to plant height in semi-dwarf wheat. Pak. J. Bot., 40(4): 1805 - 1808
9. Le Gouis, J., D. Beghim., E. Heumez and E. Pluchard. 2000. Genetic differences for nitrogen uptake and nitrogen utilisation efficiencies in winter wheat. European Journal of Agronomy. 12: 163 – 173.
10. MACO. 2010. Crop forecast statistics. Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives (MACO). Lusaka. Zambia
11. MACO/CSO. 2011. National food balance for Zambia for the 2011/12 Agricultural Marketing Season. Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives (MACO) / Central Statistics Office (CSO). Lusaka. Zambia.
12. Maqsood, M., A. Ali., Z. Aslam., M. Saeed and S. Ahmad. 2002. Effect of irrigation and nitrogen levels on grain yield and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L). Int. J. Agri. Biol. 4(1): 164 – 165.
13. Miranzadeh, H., Y. Emam., P. Pilesjo and H. Seyyedi. 2011. Water use efficiency of four dryland wheat cultivars under different levels of nitrogen fertilisation. J. Agri. Sci. Tech. 13: 843 - 854.
14. Muoleki, P. 1997. Wheat and Barley (Triticum aestivum L and Hordeum vulgare L. sensulato). In:Muliokela S.W (Ed). Zambia Seed Technology Hand Book. Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Fisheries. pp: 154 – 158. Lusaka. Zambia.
15. Musaddique, T., A. Hussain., S. A. Wajid and A. Ahmad. 2000. Growth, yield and components of yield of different genotypes of wheat. Int. J. Agri.Biol.2 (3): 242 – 244.
16. Mushtaq, T., S. Hussain., M. A. H. A. Bukhsh., J. Iqbal and T. Khaliq. 2011. Evaluation of two wheat genotypes performance of under drought conditions at different growth stages. Crop & Environment. 2 (2): 20 – 27.
17. Nouri, A., A. Etminam., J. A. Teixeira da Silva and R. Mohammadi. 2011. Assessment of yield, yield related traits and drought tolerance of durum wheat genotypes (Triticum turjidumvar.durumDesf). AJCS 5(1): 8 – 16.
18. Pauk, J. R., R. Mihaly., C. Lantos, C. Flamm., B. Teizer., E. Zechner., M. Livaja., M. Sdimoke., L. Cseuz and S. Ruthner. 2010. Wheat under environmental stress: Experiments with 25 elite genotypes within the CORNET network. Tagung der Vereinigung de Pflanzenzuchter und SaatgutkaufleuteOsterreichs. 135 – 139.
19. Payne,R.W., S.A. Harding., D. A. Murray., D. M. Soutar., D. B. Baird., A.I. Glaser., S.J. Welham., A.R. Gilmour., R. Thompson and R. Webster. 2011. GenStat Release 14. VSN International Ltd.
20. Sangtarash, M. H. 2010. Responses of different wheat genotypes to drought stress applied at different growth stages. Pak. J. Biol. Sci. 13(3): 114 - 119.
21. Shamsi, K., M. Petrosyan., G. Noo-Mohammadi and R. Haghparast. 2010. The role of water deficit stress and water use efficiency on bread wheat cultivars. J. Appl. Biosci. 35: 2325 – 2331.
22. Sial, M. A., M. U. Dahot., M. A. Arain., G. S. Markhand., S. M. Mangrio., M. H. Naqvi., K. A. Laghari and A. A. Mirbahar. 2009.Effect of water stress on yield and yield components of semi-dwarf bread wheat (Triticum aestivum. L). Pak. J. Bot. 41(4): 1715 – 1728.
23. Tas, S and B. Tas. 2007. Some physiological responses of drought stress in wheat genotypes with different ploidity in Turkiye. World . J. Agric. Sci. 3 (2): 178 – 183.
24. Yousufzai, M-N. K. 2007. Evaluation on anatomic and morphological traits in relation to low water requirement conditions of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L). Pak. J. Bot. 39(7): 2725 – 2731.
25. Waraich, E. A., R. Ahmad., A. Ali and S. Ullah. 2007. Irrigation and nitrogen effects on grain development and yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum. L). Pak. J. Bot. 39 (5): 1663 – 1672.
26. Woyema, A., G. Bultosa and A. Taa. 2012. Effect of different nitrogen fertiliser rates on yield and yield related traits for seven Durum wheat (Triticum turgidium L. var Durum)cultivars grown at Sinana, South Eastern Ethiopia.AJFAND 12 (3):6079 – 6094.
27. CIMMYT and ICARDA. 2011. Wheat-Global Alliance for Improving Food Security and Livelihoods of the Resource-poor in the Developing World. Proposal submitted by CIMMYT and ICARDA to the CGIAR Consortium Board in collaboration with Biodiversity, ICRISAT, IFPRI, ILIRI and IWMI. MEXICO, CIMMYT.
28. Miti, F.2007. Breeding investigations of maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes for tolerance to low nitrogen and drought in Zambia. PhD Thesis. University of KwaZulu- Natal. Republic of South Africa.
29. Muchinda, M.R. 1985.Agricultural climates of Zambia: Agrometeorological Report No. 9. Meteorological Department, Lusaka. Zambia.
30. Ndiyoi, M and Phiri, M. 2010. Livelihood zones of Zambia: Farmers’ Typology and Location. Farming Systems Association of Zambia. Lusaka. Zambia.
2. Ali, L., Q, Mdy-Ud-Din and M. Ali. 2003. Effect of different doses of nitrogen fertiliser on yield of wheat. Int. J. Agric. Biol. 5(4): 438- 439.
3. Davies, W.J., J. Zhang., J. Yang and I.C. Dodd. 2011. Novel Crop Science to improve yield and resource use efficiency in water limited agriculture: Foresight Project on Global food and farming futures. Journal of Agricultural science. 149: 123 – 131.
4. Fallahi, H. A., A. Nasseri and A. Siadat. 2008.Wheatyield components are positivelyinfluenced by nitrogen application undermoisturedeficitenvironments. Int. J. Agri. Biol.10(6): 673 – 676.
5. Gorny, A. G., Z. Banaszak., B. Lugowska and D. Ratajcka. 2011. Inheritance of the efficiency of nitrogen uptake and utilisation in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L) under diverse nutritional levels. Euphytica. 177: 191 - 206.
6. Guendouz, A., S. Guessoum., K. Maamari and M. Hafsi. 2012. Effects of supplementary irrigation on grain yield, yield components and some morphological traits of durum wheat (Triticum Durum Desf.) cultivars. Adv. Environ. Biol. 6(2): 564 – 572.
7. Igbal, J., S. Hussain., A. Ali and M. A. A. H. A. Bakhsh. 2012. Effect of Seeding Rates and Nitrogen Levels on Yield and Yield components of wheat (Triticum aestivum L). Pak. J. Nutr. 11 (7) : 531 – 536.
8. Jamali, K. D and S. A. Ali. 2008. Yield and yield components with relation to plant height in semi-dwarf wheat. Pak. J. Bot., 40(4): 1805 - 1808
9. Le Gouis, J., D. Beghim., E. Heumez and E. Pluchard. 2000. Genetic differences for nitrogen uptake and nitrogen utilisation efficiencies in winter wheat. European Journal of Agronomy. 12: 163 – 173.
10. MACO. 2010. Crop forecast statistics. Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives (MACO). Lusaka. Zambia
11. MACO/CSO. 2011. National food balance for Zambia for the 2011/12 Agricultural Marketing Season. Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives (MACO) / Central Statistics Office (CSO). Lusaka. Zambia.
12. Maqsood, M., A. Ali., Z. Aslam., M. Saeed and S. Ahmad. 2002. Effect of irrigation and nitrogen levels on grain yield and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L). Int. J. Agri. Biol. 4(1): 164 – 165.
13. Miranzadeh, H., Y. Emam., P. Pilesjo and H. Seyyedi. 2011. Water use efficiency of four dryland wheat cultivars under different levels of nitrogen fertilisation. J. Agri. Sci. Tech. 13: 843 - 854.
14. Muoleki, P. 1997. Wheat and Barley (Triticum aestivum L and Hordeum vulgare L. sensulato). In:Muliokela S.W (Ed). Zambia Seed Technology Hand Book. Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Fisheries. pp: 154 – 158. Lusaka. Zambia.
15. Musaddique, T., A. Hussain., S. A. Wajid and A. Ahmad. 2000. Growth, yield and components of yield of different genotypes of wheat. Int. J. Agri.Biol.2 (3): 242 – 244.
16. Mushtaq, T., S. Hussain., M. A. H. A. Bukhsh., J. Iqbal and T. Khaliq. 2011. Evaluation of two wheat genotypes performance of under drought conditions at different growth stages. Crop & Environment. 2 (2): 20 – 27.
17. Nouri, A., A. Etminam., J. A. Teixeira da Silva and R. Mohammadi. 2011. Assessment of yield, yield related traits and drought tolerance of durum wheat genotypes (Triticum turjidumvar.durumDesf). AJCS 5(1): 8 – 16.
18. Pauk, J. R., R. Mihaly., C. Lantos, C. Flamm., B. Teizer., E. Zechner., M. Livaja., M. Sdimoke., L. Cseuz and S. Ruthner. 2010. Wheat under environmental stress: Experiments with 25 elite genotypes within the CORNET network. Tagung der Vereinigung de Pflanzenzuchter und SaatgutkaufleuteOsterreichs. 135 – 139.
19. Payne,R.W., S.A. Harding., D. A. Murray., D. M. Soutar., D. B. Baird., A.I. Glaser., S.J. Welham., A.R. Gilmour., R. Thompson and R. Webster. 2011. GenStat Release 14. VSN International Ltd.
20. Sangtarash, M. H. 2010. Responses of different wheat genotypes to drought stress applied at different growth stages. Pak. J. Biol. Sci. 13(3): 114 - 119.
21. Shamsi, K., M. Petrosyan., G. Noo-Mohammadi and R. Haghparast. 2010. The role of water deficit stress and water use efficiency on bread wheat cultivars. J. Appl. Biosci. 35: 2325 – 2331.
22. Sial, M. A., M. U. Dahot., M. A. Arain., G. S. Markhand., S. M. Mangrio., M. H. Naqvi., K. A. Laghari and A. A. Mirbahar. 2009.Effect of water stress on yield and yield components of semi-dwarf bread wheat (Triticum aestivum. L). Pak. J. Bot. 41(4): 1715 – 1728.
23. Tas, S and B. Tas. 2007. Some physiological responses of drought stress in wheat genotypes with different ploidity in Turkiye. World . J. Agric. Sci. 3 (2): 178 – 183.
24. Yousufzai, M-N. K. 2007. Evaluation on anatomic and morphological traits in relation to low water requirement conditions of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L). Pak. J. Bot. 39(7): 2725 – 2731.
25. Waraich, E. A., R. Ahmad., A. Ali and S. Ullah. 2007. Irrigation and nitrogen effects on grain development and yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum. L). Pak. J. Bot. 39 (5): 1663 – 1672.
26. Woyema, A., G. Bultosa and A. Taa. 2012. Effect of different nitrogen fertiliser rates on yield and yield related traits for seven Durum wheat (Triticum turgidium L. var Durum)cultivars grown at Sinana, South Eastern Ethiopia.AJFAND 12 (3):6079 – 6094.
27. CIMMYT and ICARDA. 2011. Wheat-Global Alliance for Improving Food Security and Livelihoods of the Resource-poor in the Developing World. Proposal submitted by CIMMYT and ICARDA to the CGIAR Consortium Board in collaboration with Biodiversity, ICRISAT, IFPRI, ILIRI and IWMI. MEXICO, CIMMYT.
28. Miti, F.2007. Breeding investigations of maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes for tolerance to low nitrogen and drought in Zambia. PhD Thesis. University of KwaZulu- Natal. Republic of South Africa.
29. Muchinda, M.R. 1985.Agricultural climates of Zambia: Agrometeorological Report No. 9. Meteorological Department, Lusaka. Zambia.
30. Ndiyoi, M and Phiri, M. 2010. Livelihood zones of Zambia: Farmers’ Typology and Location. Farming Systems Association of Zambia. Lusaka. Zambia.
Published
2020-09-30
How to Cite
1.
Sakumona M, Lungu D, Munyinda K. Performance of Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) Varietiesunder Water Regimes and Nitrogen Rates. Journal of Agricultural and Biomedical Sciences [Internet]. 30Sep.2020 [cited 21Nov.2024];4(3):17-1. Available from: https://journals.unza.zm/index.php/JABS/article/view/398
Section
Biomedical Sciences
Copyright: ©️ JABS. Articles in this journal are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.