Morphophysiological Responses of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Genotypes to Water Stress

Morphophysiological Effects of Water Stress in Common Beans

  • Mebelo Mataa School of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Zambia, P. O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
  • Philip Kalima School of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Zambia, P. O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
  • Davies Lungu School of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Zambia, P. O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
Keywords: Cell Membrane Thermostability, Chlorophyll, Drought Susceptibility Index

Abstract

The yield of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is highly constrained by water deficit, especially during reproductive development. The purpose of the study was to determine the association of the morphophysiological traits with water stress and how this affects grain yield in common beans. A field experiment involving eight common bean genotypesand three water regimes (50%, 75%, and 100% of crop evapotranspiration) was conducted at the National Irrigation Research Station, Mazabuka District, during the 2012 growing season. A split-plot design, with four replications was used; with soil moisture regime (main plot) and the genotypes (subplot). Based on variation in water stress tolerances, 8 test genotypes - Gadra, KE 3, KE 4, ZM 4488, SER 76 SER 180, SER 89 and CAR-ZAR were used. Water stress treatments were imposed at the pre-flowering stage and were discontinued after forty-three days when the crop was in its late reproductive stage. Significant differences were found among genotypes for Chlorophyll a(Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b), Total chlorophyll, relative water content, grain yield, number of pods per plant, seed weight, seeds per pod and days to 50 per cent flowering under the three water stress conditions. The grain yield in normally irrigated conditions (2191.3 kg ha-1) was 60 per cent higher than in high water stress conditions (866.2 kg ha-1), while in the low water stress conditions (1078.3kg ha-1), the reduction in grain yield was 50.8 per cent. There was a significant genotype by the environment, showing that the genotypes behaved differently under the different growing conditions. Results suggested that Gadra, KE 4, ZM 4488, and SER 180 were water stress tolerant while the SER 89, CAR-ZAR, KE 3 and SER 76 were water stress-sensitive genotypes. These results suggest that a selection method based on 100 SW, Chl a, Chl b, and NPP can be used in breeding for bean genotypes to water stress.

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Published
2021-10-27
How to Cite
1.
Mataa M, Kalima P, Lungu D. Morphophysiological Responses of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Genotypes to Water Stress. Journal of Agricultural and Biomedical Sciences [Internet]. 27Oct.2021 [cited 12Jul.2025];5(1). Available from: https://journals.unza.zm/index.php/JABS/article/view/611
Section
Agriculture Sciences