Phytochemical Screening and Acute Exposure of Methanolic Bark Extract of Pterocarpus Tinctorius in Wistar Rats
Keywords:
Pterocarpus tinctorius, toxicity, phytochemical screening, Wistar rats.
Abstract
The bark extract of Pterocarpus tinctorius (Fabaceae) is traditionally used to treat diseases such as diabetes, gonorrhoea, hypertension, stomachache and bacterial gastroenteritis. However, little is known about toxicity and phytochemicals found in the bark of Pterocarpus tinctorius. Therefore, this study aimed at phytochemical screening and investigating acute oral toxicity of the stem bark of Pterocarpus tinctorius in Wistar rats. Wistar rats (N=3 per group) were randomly assigned to four groups: negative control, 50, 300, and 2000 mg/ kg methanolic sub-extract. A single dose was administered and female Wistar rats were observed for 14 days according to the Organisation for Economic Co- operation and Development guidelines for acute toxicity testing in rats. After dosing, rats were individually observed for their physical and behavioural changes throughout the study. The body weight of Wistar rats were monitored weekly and gross pathological changes of rat organs were observed. In addition, the biochemical markers and organ- body weight ratios of the kidneys and the liver were measured. Qualitative phytochemical tests were carried out to determine the types of phytochemicals present in the bark of Pterocarpus tinctorius. There were no signs of toxicity observed in all treatment groups and no abnormalities were observed on organs of rats. There was no significant difference in body weight, organ- body weight and biochemical markers with p>0.05, for the Wistar rats in all treatment groups compared to the negative control. Phytochemical tests showed the presence of alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, terpenoids, anthocyanins and saponins in the stem bark of Pterocarpus tinctorius as compounds that could be responsible to treat diseases in traditional medicine. This study demonstrated that Pterocarpus tinctorius methanolic bark sub-extract is not acutely toxic to the liver and kidneys up to the dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight. It is highly recommended that toxicity studies on other organs of rats such as the heart, brain, pancreas and intestines are carried out.References
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66
Journal of Agriculture and Biomedical Sciences – JABS (2022) | Volume 6 | Issue 1
Endangered and Non-endangered Pterocarpus Wood Species. Molecules, 2019; (24): 799.
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22. Li D H, Li J Y, Xue C M, Han T, Sai C M, Wang K B et al,: Anti- proliferative dimeric aporphinoid Alkaloids from the Roots of. Journal of Natural Product; 80: 2893-2904.
23. Tumelo A. M, Musonda.D & Chigunta .M (2018). Ethnobotanical Survey of Medical Plants used in Treatment of Diabetes in Chipulukusu Compound, Ndola District, Zambia. Journal of Preventive and Rehabilitative Medicine, 2018; 1(1): 39-44.
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33. Usman M M, Sule M S and Gwarzo M Y: Toxicological studies of aqueous root extract of Euphorbia lateriflora (Schum and Thonn) in rats. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 2014; 2(2): 58-62.
34. Saidu Y, Nwachukwu FC, Bilbis LS, Faruk U.Z and Abbas AY (2010): Toxicity Studies of the Crude Aqueous Root Extract of Albizzia chevalieri Harms in Albino Rats. Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Science, 2010; 18(2): 308-314.
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40. Kazhimaika. A: Evaluating crude protein, nitrogen and mineral elements content in pterocarpus chrysothrix (mukula) leaf powder by proximate analysis. Thesis. Copperbelt University, School of Natural Resources, Kapasa Makasa Compass 2018.
41. Vigneshwar R, Arivuchelvan A, Mekala P and Imarayasi M: Sex specific reference interval for Wistar albino rats: hematology and clinical biochemistry, Indian Journal of Animal Health, 2021; 60(1), 58-65
42. Olson H, Betton G, Robinson D, Thomas K, Monro A, Kolaja G, Lilly P, Sanders J, Sipes G, Bracken
W, Dorato M, Van Deun K, Smith P, Berger B, Heller A: Concordance of the toxicity of pharmaceuticals in humans and animals. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2000; 32: 56–67.
43. Tchamadeu M C, Dzeufiet P D D, Nana P, Kouambou N C C, Ngueguim T F, Allardm J, Blaes J, Siagat R, Zapfack L, Girolami J P, Tack I, Kamtchouing P and Dimo T: Acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity studies of an aqueous stem bark extract of Pterocarpus soyauxii Taub (Papillionaceae) in rodent. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2011; 133, 329–335.
44. Abdulhafiz F, Farhan Hanif Reduan M, Hamzah Z, Abdul Kari Z, Dawood MAO and Mohammed A: Acute oral toxicity assessment and anti-hyperuricemic activity of Alocasia longiloba extracts on Sprague-Dawley rats. Saudi Journal of Biological Science, 2022; 29(5):3184-3193.
45. Hye-Sun L, Yun S S, Seung M R, Byeong C M, Goya C and Joong-Sun K : “Two-Week Repeated Oral Dose Toxicity Study of Mantidis Ootheca water Extract in C57BL/6 Mice”, Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2019.
46. Oladotun A O, Oluwatoyin D M and Olayiwola G: Biochemical, hematological and histopathological evaluation of the toxicity potential of the leaf extract of Stachytarpheta cayennensis in rats, Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 2020;10 (6).
47. Mohd F H R, Mohd R S, Sayuti N S A, Aliyu A, Md N M M , Bakar Z A and Hamzah H: Evaluation of dermal toxicity study of ethanolic extract of Morinda citrifolia fruit in Spraque Dawley rats. Thailand Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2021; 51 (1), 101–109.
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Published
2022-09-27
How to Cite
1.
Mphande I, Kataba A, Muzandu K, Bwalya A. Phytochemical Screening and Acute Exposure of Methanolic Bark Extract of Pterocarpus Tinctorius in Wistar Rats. University of Zambia Journal of Agricultural and Biomedical Sciences [Internet]. 27Sep.2022 [cited 8May2024];6(1). Available from: https://journals.unza.zm/index.php/JABS/article/view/873
Section
Biomedical Sciences